Kikuchi Fujimoto Disease (KFD), also known as Necrotizing Histiocytic Lymphadenitis (LAPs), is a clinical entity, which is particularly seen in young women younger than 30 years of age. The disease has a self-limited course that characterized with high fever and multiple lymphadenitis, which resolve within 1 to 4 months. The disease is reported as it is mostly seen in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients. This study presented a 51-year-old female patient admitted to our clinic with symptoms of fever and cough. The physical examination revealed multiple cervical LAPs and the chest x-ray revealed multilobar infiltration. An excised biopsy of a cervical lymph node revealed the diagnosis of Kikuchi Lymphadenitis. The patient was then diagnosed with Sjögren’s Syndrome and its lung involvement with the appropriate serological markers and clinical picture. Herein, this report was presented to demonstrate that KFD may occur in older ages with Sjögren’s Syndrome and its interstitial lung instead of SLE.

Desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) is one of the rarest of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. It is characterized by the accumulation of macrophages in large numbers in the alveolar spaces associated with interstitial inflammation and/or fibrosis. It mainly affects men in their third or fifth decade of life who have a history of smoking. DIP usually presents with chronic, progressive dyspnea and cough. Clubbing is occasionally present in DIP. Corticosteroids are the mainstay of therapy. The current study reports the case of a 38-year-old man admitted to the hospital for further diagnosis of clubbing. The thoracoscopic lung biopsy specimens showed findings compatible with DIP. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids and smoking cessation resulted in disease improvement.

Sarcoidosis of the gastrointestinal system (GIS) is rare. The stomach, frequently the antrum, is the primary affected organ in GIS. Gastric sarcoidosis may occur as a feature of pulmonary sarcoidosis or as an isolated case. The most common symptoms are epigastric pain and nausea. The diagnosis is dependent on the demonstration of noncaseating granulomas by endoscopic mucosal biopsies. The current study presents a patient who was followed by pulmonary sarcoidosis without therapy and was diagnosed with gastric sarcoidosis by GIS endoscopy.

Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (PLCH) X, which is a subgroup of Langerhans Cell Histioycytosis, is an idiopathic interstitial lung disease in which Langerhans cell infiltration is seen in the lung. PLCH X has a wide spectrum of symptoms from nonproductive cough and dyspnea to spontaneous pneumothorax, and more than 90 % patients who have these diseases are smokers. Reticular and cystic patterns were observed on the upper and middle lung lobes at high resolution computed tomography. PLCH X is a rare disease, and should be considered in patients who are younger, smokers, and patients who apply to the hospital by presenting with spontaneous pneumothorax. To contribute to the literature, four cases, which were followed, are presented, as it is a rare disease.

Herein is a case of histologically proven hypersensitivity pneumonia in a patient who presented initially with a focal, rounded area of ground glass opacity surrounded by a complete or nearly complete ring of consolidation known as reversed halo sign on high resolution computed tomography. To the best of our knowledge, this association has not been previously described.

Pleuropulmonary amebiasis is not a common complication of amebiasis. Pleuropulmonary complications usually occur in patients with amebic abscess of the liver. Tube thoracostomy was carried out and 1500 cc dark brown fluid was discharged in a patient presenting with lateral pleuritic chest pain and high fever, in which we investigated the etiology of pleural fluid accumulation. The current study presents a case in which amoebic trophozoites were seen.

A Bochdalek hernia is a congenital malformation characterized by a defect in the posterolateral diaphragm, in which the abdominal viscera migrate into the chest. It is thought to be the result of a fusion defect between the pleuroperitoneal fold and the septum transversum in the eighth week of gestation. Left-sided lesions account for 70-90% of the cases. The majority of these patients that present with respiratory distress after delivery, and progress asymptomatically until adulthood are extremely rare clinical entities. The current study reports a case of a 20-year-old male with a Bochdalek hernia, who presented with complaints of respiratory distress and left chest pain, and provides information about the surgical procedure and post-operative follow-up of the patient.

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide and despite advances in treatment and diagnostic techniques, the mortality rates remain high. We report here an 80-year-old male patient with lung adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent a lower left lobectomy and chemotherapy. After 12 months, an isolated skeletal muscle metastasis from a primary lung adenocarcinoma in the left semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles was detected. The patient is alive without any signs of new metastases after 18 months from the completion of combination therapy consisting of metastasectomy and chemoradiotherapy.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes 85% of lung cancer. One-third of these cases are locally advanced. The patients who in this stage are heterogeneous, and thus their plan of treatment is unique. Although standard treatment is combined chemoradiotherapy in these patients, the decision of treatment should be evaluated carefully for each patient. Pemetrexed is a cytotoxic agent, potent inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase and other folate-dependent enzymes. Phase III studies showed its effectiveness in the first and second line treatment of non-squamous NSCLC. In this report, a case of NSCLC with adenocarcinoma subtype who staged clinically as stage IIIA3 and had multiple co-morbidities was presented. For this reason, his initial treatment plan and treatment in progression resulted in difficulties. Nevertheless, the patient has maintained complete metabolic response after four years. The treatment approach to this group of patients was overviewed and long-term and complete response to pemetrexed in second-line treatment was emphasized.

Clear cell tumor of the lung is a rare benign tumor. The current study presents the case of a 60-year-old man who had an abnormal pulmonary nodule at chest x-ray. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the patient’s lung showed a 2x2x1.5 cm solitary nodule in the anterior segment of the left upper lobe. The patient underwent a lobectomy for the tumor. The pathologic examination revealed sheets of large round or polygonal cells with clear cytoplasm and immunoreactive positivity for HMB-45 and NSE. Investigation with PET/CT scan showed no evidence of renal disease. This case provides a very rare example of a solitary pulmonary nodule as clear cell carcinoma. The patient showed no evidence of recurrence or metastasis after three years postoperatively.

H1N1 infections have high mortality and morbidity around the world. Our case is 36 years old woman, was admitted to emergency service with tachycardia and dyspnea. Then she was transferred to the chest disease clinic with bilateral pneumonia. But in a few hours she was taken to intensive care unit for close follow-up and intubation. Her nasopharyngeal swabs were found positive for H1N1. She didn’t improve despite anti-viral and antibiotics. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was applied, diffuse hyperemia and hemorrhage from right lower lobe was seen. 60 mg/day prednisolone was started and at the third day of treatment she was extubated and her vital signs became better. This case shows that steroid therapy makes rapid improvement at H1N1 pneumonia patients with alveolar hemorrhage.

Pleural effusion is a common condition and considered as an important clinical problem. The exudates remain a challenge for clinicians and 5-25% of the patients remain undiagnosed despite thorough investigations. Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an auto-inflammatory disorder with genetic origin showing an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern generally seen in certain ethnic groups characterized by recurrent fever and systemic findings. Exudative pleuritis has been reported as the solitary manifestation of the first FMF attack, in < 10% of patients. This case study describes a 70-year-old man with recurrent episodes of exudative pleuritis associated with pleuritic pain. After treatment with colchicine, 1.5 mg/d eliminated FMF attacks.

A 32-year-old man was admitted to our clinic with complaints of left pleuritic pain and sweating persisting for 15 days. The chest x-ray revealed left pleural effusion. Pleural fluid was exudate. During videothoracoscopic exploration, a pleural, yellowish 4 x 1.5 cm mass lesion was observed around the left costodiaphragmatic sulcus. The mass was totally removed from the pleura. Pathologic diagnosis of the lesion was a hydatid cyst in the pleura.

Proliferating trichilemmal tumor arises from the outer layer of the hair follicle and 90% of lesions originate from scalp. They are usually rare skin lesions in elderly women. Although these lesions are benign, local recurrences and metastases are rare, as malignancy may be possible. Three years ago, the complete excision of malignant trichilemmal tumors from the frontal region tumor with malignant pleural metastasis was reported in the case of 62-year-old female patient that presented with a review of the literature due to its rarity.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome is characterized by recurrent upper respiratory tract obstruction episodes during sleep. The aperture of the upper respiratory tract during sleep depends on the equilibrium between the collapsing effect of the negative pressure that occurs within the pharyngeal lumen during inspiration, and the powers that maintain the aperture of the upper respiratory tract. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with chronic cough is a rare situation. These two symptoms together make the patient feel more dyspneic both in sleep and awake states. In cases of incurable cough, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome should be considered. The current study presents a case of chronic cough, which was not cured despite appropriate treatment and displayed REM-induced sleep apnea in polysomnography.

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